Condenser



. Oct. 21, 1930. D, A 1,779,072..

CONDENSER Filed 001;. 3, 1928' 3 Sheets-Sheet l O O O 0 O O 8 4 g 40 O 0O 0000000000000 42 0000000000000 ATTORNEY Oct. 21, 1930. D. w. R. MORGANCONDENSER I5, 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed 001.

WITNESS INVENTOR D W-RJlonQan ATTO RN EY D. W. R. MORGAN CONDENSER Oct.21, 1930.

Filed Oct. s; 1928 WITNESS 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 ATTORN EY INVENTOR BY (2 V3,

g acter.

Patented Get. 21, 1930 UNITED STATES? DAVID. w. n. MORGAN, orSWARTHMORE, r'nmvsynvn'ma, ESS IGNO B Tohwfis'rfllq HOUSE nrinc'rmc &MANUFACTURING conn ng A qoRren 'rIon' or rnmqsrm .VANIA CONDENSERApplication filed October 3, 1328. Serialv 'No.' 309,989.

My invention relates to surface condensers, and more particularly toradial flow condensers, and it has for an object, to improve theperformance of apparatus of this'char- This application is acontinuation in part of lny copending' application Serial No. 219,473,filed September le, 1927,

In the operation of surface condensers, relatively, only a verysmallquantity of air and other noncondensable gases pass into a condenser,but the progressive removal of the ndensable gases leaves an everincreasing proportion. of nonscondensable gases in'the gaseous media,with the result that, toward the completion of the process ofcondensation, the effect. of the non-condensable gases upon the vacuumobtainable becomes quite appreciable.

Condensation leaves the non-condensable gases on the condensing surfaceWhere, due to their low heat conductivity, they tend to form aninsulating medium and thus, to delay condensation and to retard thevapor flow. Also, in accordance with Daltons law of iartiai )ressuresthe total ressure in a condenser is the steam pressure plus the partialpressures due to the air and the other noncondensable gases, hence thetotal pressure can be maintained at a minimum value if means areprovided for assuring that airand other nonrcondensable gases will beprompt.- ly removed from the condensing portion of the apparatus. It isdesirable, therefore, to

maintain a constant, relatively high velocity of vapor flow through anest of condensing tubes in order to assure that the non-condensablegases will be brushed away from the condensing surface and promptlycarried out of the condensing portion of the apparatus. It is alsodesirable to cool the non-condensable gases so far as possible, previousto their removal by the removal apparatus, in order to reduce the amountof Work which must be done to effect their removal.

4 maybe cleaned orotherwise repaired: during periods of light loadWithout shuttingdown the entire condenser, the C nditionso'fw-temperature and pressure, on the inact ve s de oi the ne iay bui dup to an objec ionab e. ue. If some means. other than. t activeside ofthe nest, a e provided f r-eondens ngpart of. the steam on. the hiae iveside of: he nest, the-perfo mance oi: such condensers during cleaingperio s, or the ike maybe nsiderably imp oved. I v

1 M re particular y, there-fore, antobject of my in ntion. is topro-yidemeansior. as istv ing in maintaining proper vapor flow through acondenser of the type deso ibedandto p vide means, otherthan theie tiveideot anestof tubes-,[fo reducing the tempera ure. and pressure on theinactive. sideoli' the nest of. a condenser oi he d ided Water typ duing. periods when only a part. of the con-- densihgtuhesare e ieotive.

Apparatus embodying he features of my ent on is shown n th accompanyingd aw gs, in whi h:

Fig.- 1 is lo gi udinal section long the n 1-I'o.f Fig. 2 showing asurface con denser with. the ubes remo d;

g. 2 is transverse half section on the line II-II of the condenser shownin Fig, 1 showing the. tube arrangeme Fig. 8 s a section on: he in IlI I.I i 1.; p i i g. 4: is a transverse section thro gh he inlet 'water l QOn the line. IVsaI'V'of Fig, 1;

g 5 s a detai iew taken on t e'li e V-V of Fig. 2, and v Fig. 6 is anenlarged partial View, in trans. verse section, of the upper end of thelongitudinal partition structure provided in the condenser shell.

According to, my invention, the nest of tubes in asurface condenser isdivided longitudinally by apartition into separate con-- densingportion, and a lower portion of the nest is separated from therespective condensing portions by transversely-extending root plates toform cooling sections for cabling air and non-condensable gasespassingfrom the respective condensing portions. Suitable entraining means,pn'eterably one ormore ej ectors, are provided for 'entraininggaseousmedia from the respective condensing portions, and these ejectorsare arranged to discharge into the respective cooling sections, so thatthe normal flow of gaseous media from the condensing tubes to thecooling tubes may be assistedT-,; 'lhe 'entraining'fiuidfor'theejectors, o'r' th'e' like, may be obtainedfrom'any suitable source, asfrom one of the" lower stages of W i n from tli'e condens er inlet maybeemployed as the entraining medium and thus, it is possible to use motivefluid direct from the last row of turbine blades, andtoutilizexthevelocity of this motive fiuid in the operation of theejectorsr i1 turbine but preferably the ejecf Thewater boxes for thecondenser are alsodivided vertically and transversely so that the flowof -'.c'-irc'ulating media through the respective" condensing andcooling portions of the 'condensermay be selectively controlled.

In this "way,' it ispos'sible to 'pass circulating.

with a'h'otwell13'. A nest of water tubes 14 is disposed within theshell 11 and the lower portion ofthe'ne' st. 14 is dividedlongitudinal-- by suitable partition means 16 so as to prov de separatecondensing chambers. The

lower portion of the nestj 14 is separated by transversely-extending,arched roof plates 17, which are secured to the shell and arranged toform a crowned roof for the cooler sections 18 and 19, respectively.

The partition means 16 preferably extend fromthe base of the shellthrough thecooler sections and the roof plates 1. well into 'thecondensing portion of the nest 14. In theform shown, this partitionmeans comprises a longitudinally-extending plate 21, which is disposedsubstantially upon the vertical center line of the. nest 14, and spacedfrom the plate 21 on either side is a plate 22, which extends fromtheroot plate 17 to aheight corr sponding substantially to that of theplate 21, so as to form a passage on eitherside of the plate 21 .to therespective cooler sections 18 and The plates 22 are provided with aplurality of openings 23 disposed 7 just above the roof platesl/Z forthe purpose of passing air and Othennoricondensable gases from therespectivecondensingportions to the respective coolingportions 18 and19.

. whilethe partitionmeans 16 .does not extend verticallyto the uppermostportion of e.soQdisposbd-thatmotive fiuiddirectly;

the tube nest 14, the tubes in the upper portion are spaced so as toprovide a steam lane 23, which afiords direct communication from thecondenser inlet to the passages 24, which are formed by the plates 21and 22, so that motive fluid may passgdirejctl'y" from the condenserinletto the respective coolingchambers, and in passing the openings 23in the plates. 22, gaseous ..media from the ,cgndensinglbliambersinayibejentrained, "and tlielfidw from the condensing chambers to the,cdo ling chambers thereby assisted. Suitablebafiies 25 are disposedabove the ports 23, to protect the latter from the rain of condensate.

lVhile this means may be sufficient to produce adequate flow in manycases, Iprefer, ably arrange suitable fluidtransla-ting means, such asthe-ejectors 26 in-each of the passages 24: adjacent the openings 23,:in l order that gaseous media may be entrainedby the -ejec-' tors anddischarged into the respective cooling chambers, so as to insure thatproper flow from the condensing chambers through-the openings-23 and thepassage 24 to the cooling chambers may be maintained at ajll'times. Whenthe ejectors 26 are used,the passages- 24 areclosed-at their upperendsby a transversely-extending baflie 27, which 'is provided with suitableopenings so'spacedlongitudinally as to pass motive fiuid'through thebafiile 27- and respective tubes 28"to the jetof each ejector. In thiswaythe motive fluid exhaust direct from the condensing inlet :isutilized as the entraining medium for the respective ejectors and thus,advantage'is taken of'the high velocity of the motive fluid from thelast row of turbine blades. Should it be desirable, however, theseejector-s may be supplied with entraining medium from any other source,as from a lower stage of a turbine.

The ejectors 26 are preferably arranged to have a progressivelydecreasing capacity from the circulating fluid inlet to the dischargeend of the tube nest, as shown. Hence, as shown in Fig. 5, the openings30 for admitting motive fluid to the respective ejec-. tors preferablydecrease in size in a direction from the inlet water box 40 toward thedischarge water box 53. Thisis desirable in order to compensate for theprogressive rise in temperature of the circulating media as it passesthrough the tubes. While this feature of my invention is intended morefor a single-pass condenser, it will be understood that it is not solimited in its application,

but that itmay be used on multi-pass con-' densers. v

Gaseous media, such as air and the like, which passes'into therespective cooler sections 18 or 19, is cooled by tubes of theseportions and is removed through removal ports 29 by any suitable airremoval apparatus (not shown). The hotwell 13 receives condensate fromthe condensing chambers through the connections 31, which communicatewith the plates 17. By passing the condensate through the steam space inthis way, its temperature is raised and consequently less heating is.re-

quired when it is used poses. o a I v v v, The condensate which passesthrough the connections 31 to the hotwell 13, passes over an upstandingwall 32 within the hotwell so as to provide a liquid seal between the,condensing tubes 14 and the collection chamber 33; of the hotwell.Similarly, the brim, or upper portion of the cup 34,1is arranged toencompass the lower portion of the connection 36 so as to provide aliquid seal between the respective cooling sections 18 and 19 and thecollection chamber 33 of the hotwell.

One or more vents 37 "are provided for maintaining a pressure in thecollection chamber 33 corresponding to that in the cooling portions 18and 19 so that deaeration may take place within thehotwell. Thehotwell13 is described and claimed in my former Patent, No. 1,578,058, andtherefore is only for boiler feed purbriefly referred to here.

In order to provideffor selectively con-Y trolling the flow ofcirculating media through the respective cooling and condensingchambers, the inlet water box 40, is divided by alongitudinally-extending vertical partition 41 to provide separate inletportions 42 and 43, which are provided with suitable inlets 44, throughwhich'the flow of circulating media is controlled by any suitable means,such as the valves 46. Similarly, the water box is divided transverselyby an arched partition 47 to provide,with the partition 41, separateinlet chambers 48 and 49, which are also providedwithinlets 50 throughwhich the flow of circulating media is controlled by suitable valves 51.The respective chambers 48 and 49, supply circulating media for thecooling tubes in the cooling chambers 18 and 19, respectively. It willreadily be seen therefore that by regulating the valves 51, the flowthrough the re spectivecooler' sections of the condenser may becontrolled. 1 a

The discharge water box 53, is'similar in all respects to the inletwater boX 40,;with the exception that: circulating media from thecondensingportions ofthe nest is discharged through connections 54 nearthe top of the water box. 1 The circulating'water from the respectivecooler sections is dis charged through the outlets 55-.

a It will be obvious that the e]ectors 26 and' the baflles 27 may beomitted, in which case live steam from the condenserinlet would passdown the lane 23, between the plates '21 and 22 to the coolingsectionsf18 Iand19, In so passing, this steam would entrain gaseousmedia through the ports 23 andcarryqthe entrained media intotheirespective cooling sections, Qa'DdIEthHSpaSSlStXthQ flow throughthecondensing. portionsof thenest {14. i

' Itwillgreadily. be.. seen;,t;herefore, thatkl have provided a,condenser. embedyingsimple and efficient means for,-assisting the flowof I a gaseous media from the condensing portions to, the coolingportions; Also ,;,the cooling portions of the nest are selectivelycontrolla;

ble, sothat steam from aside ofthe nest, I

which has been [cut ofi from the circulating system, may, be cooled at:a time when cool;- ing is, most needed. i y lVhileI have shown myinvention-in one form, it will-,be obvious to those skilled in a theart-thatit is'not-so limited, but s pt i ole 1 of various changes and,medifications, without departing from the spirit thereof, andl desire,therefore, that only such limitations shall;beplacedthereupon as are.imposed by the prior art or as arespeeifically setfiiort-h in theappended claims;

'Vhat-I claim is z, 1 V V a .1 f e condenser c mp ingpa .1

haw ingan *inlet, .a nest of tubes Wi hin the shell, means forseparatingthe tubes into, a plurahty ofcondensing compartments and into,a like number of coollngcompartments,

and means for assisting the flow of gaseous mediafrom each condensingcompartment to a cooling compartment. f a i Q 25A surface condensercomprisig: a shell having an inlet, anest of tubesvwithin the shell,means for separating the tubes into; a plurality of condensingcompartments and intoa like numberfof cooling compartments, I

and means within the nest for assisting the flow of gaseous media fromeach condensing compartment-tea cooling compartment, g 3. Asurfacecondenser compr sing a shell having an inlet,-a nest of tubes withintheshell, means for separating the, tubes into a plurality of condensingcompartments and into alike number of cooling compartments, fluidentraining means for assisting-the flow of gaseous media from'eachcondensing compartmentto a cooling compartment, and means for passinggaseous media directly f m th ,c e inlet t h we n means 1": f

4. T e, combination with a surface con denser comprising a shell havingan inlet, anest of tubes within theshell and spaced therefrom to providea steam delivery space substantially around the nest, and a condensateremoval connection communicating with the steam deliveryspace, ofpartition means for dividing the nest into a condensing por tion and, acooling portion, said partition means being inclined gTad ually towardthe condensate removal connection. i v t 5. Thecombination with asurface conde se jwmpr ns a. Shell a i an inle a nest or tubes withinthe-shell, means for densing compartments and into a like num- I so herof cooling compartments, means provid ing a passage from the condenserinlet to each of the respective cooling compartments,

' and means for affording communication between the respectivecondensing compartments and the passage."

6. A surface condenser comprising a shell having an inlet, a nest oftubes within the shell, a partition extending longitudinally through thenest of tubes, arched roof members'extending transversely through thenest of tubes and secured to the shell and to the partition for dividingthe nest into an upper condensing portion and a lower cooling portion,said partitions being arranged for passing gaseous media from thecondensing portion to the'cooling portion, and means within thepartition for assisting the flow of gaseous media from the condensingportion to the cooling portion. v

7. A surface condenser, comprising a shell having an inlet, a nestoftubes-within the shell, arched roof members extending transverselythrough the nest of tubes and secured to the shell for dividing the nestinto an upper condensing portion and a lower cooling portion, and meansfor entraining gaseous media from the condensing portion and fordischarging the entrained media into the cooling portion.

8'. A surface condenser comprising a shell having an inlet, a nest oftubes Within the shell and spaced therefrom to provide a steam deliveryspace substantially around the nest of tubes, condensate removalconnections communicating with the steam delivery space, arched roofmembers extending transversely through the nest of tubes and divid ingthe nest into an upper condensing portion and a lower cooling portion,the arched roof members being arranged to drain to the condensateremoval connections, whereby condensate passing from the roof membersmay be heated by steam from the steam delivery space. i A

9. A surface con-denser comprising a shell having an inlet, a nest oftubes within the shell, curved members extending transversely throughthe nest of tubes for dividing the nest into an upper con-densingportionand a lower cooling portion, the curvedmembers being arranged to form acrownedrroof for the cooling portion, condensate removal connections incommunication with a steam delivery space and arranged to receivecondensate from the crowned roof and from tubes in the condensingportion.-

10. A surface condenser comprising a condensing chamber and a coolingchamber, said chambers having respective inlet and outlet connections,and being arranged for passing gaseous media therethrough in series, anum ber of tubes traversing each chamber and sage and spaced apartlengthwise of said tubes, said ejectors being of decreasing capacity inthe directlon of flow of clrculatlng media through "said tubes.

12.- The combination with a surface con denser embodying a shellstructure having inlet means for gaseous media and outlet means forcondensate and non-condensable gaseous media spaced from the inlet meansand a tube nest extending-longitudinally through the shell structure, offluid trans lating means disposed Within the shell structure forfacilitating the circulation of gaseous media from the inlet meansthrough the tube nest to the outlet'means.

13. The combination with a surface condenser embodying a shell structurehaving inlet means for gaseous media and outlet means for condensate andnon-condensable gaseousmedia spaced from the inlet means and a tube nestextending longitudinally through the shell structure, of entrainingmeans motivated by gaseous media derived directly from the condenserinlet means for facilitating the circulation of gaseous media from theinlet means through the tube nest to the outlet means.

14. A surface condenser embodying an inlet for media havingcondensable'and non.- condensable components,sep arate outlets for thecondensed media and the non-condensed media, and fluid translating meansprovided in the condenser for facilitating the passage of thenon-condensable media through the condenser from theinlet to thenon-condensable gaseous media outlet.

15. A surface condenser embodying an in let for media having condensableand noncondensable components, separate outlets for the condensed mediaand the non-condensed media,'and an ejector disposed in thecondenser forfacilitating the passage of the non-condensable gaseous media throughthe condenser from theinlet to the non-condensable media outlet, saidejector being motivated by the gaseous mediapassing through the inlet. i

.16. Asurface condenser embodying an in let for gaseous media havingboth condensable and non-condensable components, a tube nest dividedinto a condensing portion and a cooling portion, condensate outlet tubenest.

means connecting with the condensing portion, non-condensable gaseousmedia outlet means communicating with the cooling portion, and fluidtranslating means for facilitating movement of the non-condensablegaseous media through the condensing portion of the tube nest to thecooling portion of the tube nest.

17 A surface condenser embodying an in- 7 18. A surface condenserembodying an inlet for gaseous media having both condensable andnon-condensable components, a tube nest divided into a condensingportion and a cooling portion, condensate outlet means connecting withthe condensing portion, noncondensable gaseous media outlet meanscommunicating with the cooling portion, and fluid translating apparatusfor scavenging the condensable portion of the tube nest ofnon-condensable gaseous media and for dis charging the same to thecooling portion of the tube nest. V y

19. A surface condenser comprising a shell structure having an inlet forgaseous media and outlet means for condensate and noncondensable gaseous.media, a tube nest extending longitudinally through the shellstructure, a water box disposed at each end of the tube nest andproviding for the circulation of cooling water in a single, longitudinaldirection through the tube nest, and fluid translating means extendinglongitudinally within the shell structure for facilitating thecirculation of gaseous media through the tube nest, said fluidtranslating means having a decreasing capacity in the direction of theflow of the circulating water.

20. In a surface condenser embodying a shell structure having an inletfor gaseous media and outletmeans for condensate and non-condensablegaseous media, a tube nest extending longitudinally through the shellstructure, an inlet water box associated with one end of the tube nestand defining a cold end thereof, an outlet water box associated with theother end of the tube nest and deat the cold end of the tube nest thanat the warm end of the tube nest.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 2nd day ofOctober, 1928.

1DAVIDW. R. MORGAN.

has

fining a warm end thereof, and fluid translating means within the shellstructure for facilitating the circulation of gaseous media through thetube nest, said fluid translating means having a relatively greatercapacity s

